Struts+Spring+Hibernate整合入门详解

https://www.cnblogs.com/cailijia52o/p/8724710.html

一、基本概念

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      Struts：作为基于 MVC 模式的 Web 应用最经典框架，两个项目Struts 和webwork已经集成，成为现在的Struts2。目前的最新版本是2.0.9（2007-7）。

      Spring：是一个轻型的容器，利用它可以使用一个外部 XML 配置文件方便地将对象连接在一起。每个对象都可以通过显示一个 JavaBean 属性收到一个到依赖对象的引用，留给您的简单任务就只是在一个XML 配置文件中把它们连接好。

      Hibernate 是一个纯 Java 的对象关系映射和持久性框架，它允许您用 XML 配置文件把普通 Java 对象映射到关系数据库表。使用 Hibernate 能够节约大量项目开发时间，因为整个 JDBC 层都由这个框架管理。这意味着您的应用程序的数据访问层位于 Hibernate 之上，完全是从底层数据模型中抽象出来的。

      三种技术到目前已经比较成熟，而且他们都是免费的！让我们对三者集成进行一个初览（简单而不专业）：

      我们用Struts实现从Web（网页，MVC中的View）到后台系统的映射（WebàAction），然后由Spring管理这些Action，把它们作为Bean和其他对象一起处理。这些Bean之间处理业务逻辑、数据、系统状态等，且它们被Spring统一管理，为了区分，就算大概包括MVC的MC部分吧。然后需要持久化的数据由Spring和Hibernate之间的接口交由Hibernate处理（这个属于持久层）。

      必须基础：只要Java基础，一点HTML知识、XML基础就可以了。本文的目的就是从零开始建立第一个Struts+Spring+Hibernate应用。即使它是最简单的，我们也希望初学者能够从中理解一些思想，其中也包括系统架构的设计思想。

配置 pom.xml 依赖

<properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <spring.version>4.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>4.3.8.Final</hibernate.version>
        <struts2.version>2.3.20</struts2.version>
        <jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencies>
 
        <!-- junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- spring -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- 关系型数据库整合时需配置 如hibernate jpa等 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- hibernate -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- struts2 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
            <version>${struts2.version}</version>
 
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <!-- Hibernate已经还有该包的依赖 -->
                    <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
                    <groupId>javassist</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${struts2.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-convention-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${struts2.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- log4j -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- mysql连接 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.34</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- 数据源 druid -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.12</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- json -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
            <version>${jackson.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>${jackson.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>${jackson.version}</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- aop -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.4</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- servlet -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
 
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <finalName>spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo</finalName>
 
        <plugins>
            <!-- Run the JUnit unit tests in an isolated classloader -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <skipTests>true</skipTests>
                </configuration>
 
            </plugin>
 
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3</version>
                <configuration>
                    <webXml>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</webXml>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
 
            <!-- generate java doc -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.9.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <javadocDirectory>target/javadoc</javadocDirectory>
                    <reportOutputDirectory>target/javadoc</reportOutputDirectory>
                    <charset>UTF-8</charset>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    <docencoding>UTF-8</docencoding>
                    <show>private</show>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
 
            <!-- 部署至本机 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
                <artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <container>
                        <containerId>tomcat6x</containerId>
                        <home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.27</home>
                    </container>
                    <configuration>
                        <type>existing</type>
                        <home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.27</home>
                    </configuration>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
 
    </build>
</project>

在web.xml中配置spring与struts的相关代码

<!-- 配置核心过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

2）配置spring的监听器

当服务启动时，就会先加载spring的配置文件

<!-- 配置Spring框架整合WEB的监听器 -->
     <listener>
           <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

3）配置默认加载路径

 <!-- 监听器默认加载Web-INF文件下，需要配置参数来加载指定文件 -->
    <context-param>
         <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
         <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

src下编写相关配置文件

1)spring:applicationContext.xml

　　导入相关约束

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
</beans>

2）hibernate:hibernate.cfg.xml

　　导入相关约束，并配置数据库

 

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
  <session-factory>

    <!--JDBC链接-->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/customer</property>
    <property name="connection.username">jiang</property>
    <property name="connection.password">1</property>

    <!--数据库方言-->
    <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>

    <!--自动生成表结构-->
    <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
    <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
    <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
 <!-- 配置C3P0的连接池 -->
        <property name="connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property>
    <!--加载映射文件-->
    <mapping resource="domain/Product.hbm.xml"/>

  </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

3）配置log4j.properties

### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.err
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### direct messages to file mylog.log ###
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=c\:mylog.log
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###

log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout

4)struts2:struts.xml

　　导入相关约束

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