关于python setup.py文件的编写技巧

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环境：最新版setuptools，初步认识setuptools可以参考这篇文章

1. 自定义命令

from setuptools import setup, Command

class MyCommand(Command):
    description = "Description of the command"
    user_options = []

    # This method must be implemented
    def initialize_options(self):
        pass

    # This method must be implemented
    def finalize_options(self):
        pass

    def run(self):
        print("My command runs!")

setup(..., cmdclass={
    #"命令": 继承类
    "mycommand": MyCommand
})

格式大概是上面这样了，这是一个没有自定义命令子选项的最简单例子，下面是一个稍微复杂的例子，它的作用是将包发布到pypi：

import os
from setuptools import setup, Command

class PublishCommand(Command):

    description = "Publish a new version to pypi"

    user_options = [
        # The format is (long option, short option, description).
        ("test", None, "Publish to test.pypi.org"),
        ("release", None, "Publish to pypi.org"),
    ]

    def initialize_options(self):
        """Set default values for options."""
        self.test = False
        self.release = False

    def finalize_options(self):
        """Post-process options."""
        if self.test:
            print("V%s will publish to the test.pypi.org" % version)
        elif self.release:
            print("V%s will publish to the pypi.org" % version)

    def run(self):
        """Run command."""
        os.system("pip install -U setuptools twine wheel")
        os.system("rm -rf build/ dist/ Flask_PluginKit.egg-info/")
        os.system("python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel")
        if self.test:
            os.system("twine upload --repository-url https://test.pypi.org/legacy/ dist/*")
        elif self.release:
            os.system("twine upload dist/*")
        os.system("rm -rf build/ dist/ Flask_PluginKit.egg-info/")
        if self.test:
            print("V%s publish to the test.pypi.org successfully" % version)
        elif self.release:
            print("V%s publish to the pypi.org successfully" % version)
        exit()

setup(..., cmdclass={
    'publish': PublishCommand,
})

这个发布命令使用方法是：

$ python setup.py publish --help
Common commands: (see '--help-commands' for more)

  setup.py build      will build the package underneath 'build/'
  setup.py install    will install the package

Global options:
  --verbose (-v)  run verbosely (default)
  --quiet (-q)    run quietly (turns verbosity off)
  --dry-run (-n)  don't actually do anything --help (-h) show detailed help message --no-user-cfg ignore pydistutils.cfg in your home directory Options for 'PublishCommand' command: --test Publish to test.pypi.org --release Publish to pypi.org usage: setup.py [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...] or: setup.py --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...] or: setup.py --help-commands or: setup.py cmd --help

解释：参考代码和帮助，publish定义了两个子选项，test和release，后面run根据判断子选项值来执行上传到不同环境的命令，所以执行python setup.py publish --test可以发布到python官方测试仓库test.pypi.org，执行python setup.py publish --release可以发布到python官方正式仓库pypi.org！

 

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