redis中动态字符串sds相关的文件为:adlist.h与adlist.c

一、数据结构

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redis里定义的双向链表,与普通双向链表大致相同

单个节点:

1 typedef struct listNode {
2     struct listNode *prev;
3     struct listNode *next;
4     void *value;
5 } listNode;

链表:

1 typedef struct list {
2     listNode *head;
3     listNode *tail;
4     void *(*dup)(void *ptr);
5     void (*free)(void *ptr);
6     int (*match)(void *ptr, void *key);
7     unsigned long len;
8 } list;

链表以函数指针的方式,实现了复制、销毁与比较的方法的多态。

迭代器:

1 typedef struct listIter {
2     listNode *next;
3     int direction;
4 } listIter;

迭代器中有个成员变量direction,用于表示当前遍历的方向。

大致结构:

 1 /*
 2 +-------------------+        +----------------> +--------------+ <-------+
 3 |listNode *head     |--------+                  |listNode *prev|-->NULL  |
 4 +-------------------+                           +--------------+         |
 5 |listNode *tail     |--------+                  |listNode *next|----+    |
 6 +-------------------+        |                  +--------------+    |    |
 7 |void *(*dup)(...)  |        |                  |void *value   |    |    |
 8 +-------------------+        |                  +--------------+    |    |
 9 |void (*free)(...)  |        |                                      |    |
10 +-------------------+        |                                      |    |
11 |int (*match)(...)  |        |                                      |    |
12 +-------------------+        +----------------> +--------------+ <--+    |
13 |unsigned long len  |                           |listNode *prev|---------+
14 +-------------------+                           +--------------+
15                                                 |listNode *next|-->NULL
16                                                 +--------------+
17                                                 |void *value   |
18                                                 +--------------+    
19 */                                            

二、创建

redis中创建一个初始双向链表比较简单,只要分配好内存,并给成员变量赋初值就可以了

 1 list *listCreate(void)
 2 {
 3     struct list *list;
 4 
 5     if ((list = zmalloc(sizeof(*list))) == NULL)
 6         return NULL;
 7     list->head = list->tail = NULL;
 8     list->len = 0;
 9     list->dup = NULL;
10     list->free = NULL;
11     list->match = NULL;
12     return list;
13 }

 

redis中提供了头插法、尾插法以及指定位置插入节点三种方式向链表中添加节点,与普通双向链表无异,此处不做详细叙述。

三、销毁

因链表中每个节点的value可能指向堆空间,故不能直接把list结构体free,这样会造成内存泄露。需要先将每个节点的value释放,才可以free结构体

清空所有节点:

 1 void listEmpty(list *list)
 2 {
 3     unsigned long len;
 4     listNode *current, *next;
 5 
 6     current = list->head;
 7     len = list->len;
 8     while(len--) {
 9         next = current->next;
10         //若指定了销毁的函数,则使用指定的函数进行销毁value
11         if (list->free) list->free(current->value);
12         zfree(current);
13         current = next;
14     }
15     list->head = list->tail = NULL;
16     list->len = 0;
17 }

销毁链表:

1 void listRelease(list *list)
2 {
3     listEmpty(list);
4     zfree(list);
5 }

同样,redis的链表提供了与普通链表相同的删除单个节点的操作,此处也不做叙述。

四、迭代器操作

redis中提供了获取迭代器的接口

 1 listIter *listGetIterator(list *list, int direction)
 2 {
 3     listIter *iter;
 4 
 5     if ((iter = zmalloc(sizeof(*iter))) == NULL) return NULL;
 6     if (direction == AL_START_HEAD)
 7         iter->next = list->head;
 8     else
 9         iter->next = list->tail;
10     iter->direction = direction;
11     return iter;
12 }

以AL_START_HEAD为例,生成好的迭代器结构如下:

 

 1 /*
 2 +-------------------+    +---> +--------------+ <-------+----+
 3 |listNode *head     |----+     |listNode *prev|-->NULL  |    |  
 4 +-------------------+          +--------------+         |    |  +--------------+
 5 |listNode *tail     |----+     |listNode *next|----+    |    +--|listNode *next|
 6 +-------------------+    |     +--------------+    |    |       +--------------+
 7 |void *(*dup)(...)  |    |     |void *value   |    |    |       |int direction |
 8 +-------------------+    |     +--------------+    |    |       +--------------+
 9 |void (*free)(...)  |    |                         |    |
10 +-------------------+    |                         |    |
11 |int (*match)(...)  |    |                         |    |
12 +-------------------+    +---> +--------------+ <--+    |
13 |unsigned long len  |          |listNode *prev|---------+
14 +-------------------+          +--------------+
15                                |listNode *next|-->NULL
16                                +--------------+
17                                |void *value   |
18                                +--------------+    
19 */                                                                                

迭代器的next方法:

 1 listNode *listNext(listIter *iter)
 2 {
 3     listNode *current = iter->next;
 4 
 5     if (current != NULL) {
 6         if (iter->direction == AL_START_HEAD)
 7             iter->next = current->next;
 8         else
 9             iter->next = current->prev;
10     }
11     return current;
12 }

调用一次之后的结构:

 1 /*
 2 +-------------------+    +---> +--------------+ <-------+
 3 |listNode *head     |----+     |listNode *prev|-->NULL  |      
 4 +-------------------+          +--------------+         |       +--------------+
 5 |listNode *tail     |----+     |listNode *next|----+    |    +--|listNode *next|
 6 +-------------------+    |     +--------------+    |    |    |  +--------------+
 7 |void *(*dup)(...)  |    |     |void *value   |    |    |    |  |int direction |
 8 +-------------------+    |     +--------------+    |    |    |  +--------------+
 9 |void (*free)(...)  |    |                         |    |    |
10 +-------------------+    |                         |    |    |
11 |int (*match)(...)  |    |                         |    |    |
12 +-------------------+    +---> +--------------+ <--+----|----+    
13 |unsigned long len  |          |listNode *prev|---------+
14 +-------------------+          +--------------+
15                                |listNode *next|-->NULL
16                                +--------------+
17                                |void *value   |
18                                +--------------+    
19 */                                                                              

再次调用:

 1 /*
 2 +-------------------+    +---> +--------------+ <-------+
 3 |listNode *head     |----+     |listNode *prev|-->NULL  |      
 4 +-------------------+          +--------------+         |       +--------------+
 5 |listNode *tail     |----+     |listNode *next|----+    |    +--|listNode *next|
 6 +-------------------+    |     +--------------+    |    |    |  +--------------+
 7 |void *(*dup)(...)  |    |     |void *value   |    |    |    |  |int direction |
 8 +-------------------+    |     +--------------+    |    |    |  +--------------+
 9 |void (*free)(...)  |    |                         |    |    |
10 +-------------------+    |                         |    |    |
11 |int (*match)(...)  |    |                         |    |    |
12 +-------------------+    +---> +--------------+ <--+    |    +-->NULL    
13 |unsigned long len  |          |listNode *prev|---------+
14 +-------------------+          +--------------+
15                                |listNode *next|-->NULL
16                                +--------------+
17                                |void *value   |
18                                +--------------+    
19 */                                                                            

调用next函数的返回值为调用之前的listNode首地址

五、其它操作

redis的双向链表还提供了其它操作。其中,查找指定的key与复制整个list依赖于迭代器的使用,并使用到自定义的比较/复制方法。

除此之外,还提供了类似随机读取的方式,其内部实现为遍历,且“越界”时返回NULL。同时,它支持index为负数,表示从尾开始。类似旋转的操作,把尾节点移至原头节点之前,成为新的头节点。当然,还有拼接两个链表的操作。

 

 

redis 5.0.7 下载链接

http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.7.tar.gz

源码阅读顺序参考:

https://github.com/huangz1990/blog/blob/master/diary/2014/how-to-read-redis-source-code.rst

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