GTK入门
环境准备
官网下载 GTK 源码包，因为本机 GLib 版本不够，下载一个非最新版的 GTK3.8.0 先学习用
直接阅读 "/gtk+-3.8.0/docs/reference/gtk/html/gtk-building.html" 进行操作
SRE实战 互联网时代守护先锋，助力企业售后服务体系运筹帷幄！一键直达领取阿里云限量特价优惠。安装完毕，gtk3-demo 出来 gtk 的样例界面即安装搞定
实例学习
编译命令和编译脚本
编译参数包括 pkg-config --libs --cflags gtk+-3.0
为了方便，用脚本管理起来
build.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
echo "usage: $0 [xxxx.c]"
exit
fi
gcc -o $1_out $1 `pkg-config --libs --cflags gtk+-3.0`一个简单的HelloWorld按钮
01_simple_button.c
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
// 回调函数1
void hello( GtkWidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data )
{
g_print("Hello World\n");
}
// 回调函数2
void destroy( GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data )
{
gtk_main_quit();
}
gint delete_event( GtkWidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data )
{
/**
* 如果 "delete_event" 信号处理函数
* 返回 FALSE，GTK 会发出 "destroy" 信号
* 返回 TRUE，你不希望关闭窗口
* 当希望弹出 "你确定要退出吗？" 对话框时可以用到
*/
g_print("delete event occurred\n");
return FALSE;
}
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
// GtkWidget 是构件的存储类型
GtkWidget *window;
GtkWidget *button;
/**
* gtk_init 函数在所有的 GTK 程序都要调用
* 参数由命令行中解析出并填充进来
*/
gtk_init( &argc, &argv );
window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL );
/**
* 当窗口收到 "delete_event" 信号(该信号由窗口管理器发出，
* 通常是"关闭"选项或是标题栏上的关闭按钮发出的)
* 我们让其调用在前面定义的 delete_event 函数
* 传给回调函数的 data 参数值是 NULL，它会被回调函数忽略
*/
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( window ), "delete_event",
G_CALLBACK( delete_event ), NULL );
/**
* 连接 "destroy" 事件到一个信号处理函数,对该窗口调用
* gtk_widget_destroy 函数或在 "delete_event" 回调函数
* 中返回 FALSE 值都会触发该事件
*/
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( window ), "destroy",
G_CALLBACK( destroy ), NULL );
// 设置窗口边框的宽度
gtk_container_set_border_width ( GTK_CONTAINER(window), 10 );
// 创建一个标签为 Hello World 的新按钮
button = gtk_button_new_with_label( "Hello World" );
// 当按钮触发 "clicked" 事件时,会调用回调函数 hello
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked",
G_CALLBACK( hello ), "1" );
// 当按钮触发 "clicked" 事件时,调用 gtk_widget_destroy(window)
// 来关闭窗口,"destroy" 信号会从这里或从窗口管理器发出
// g_signal_connect_swapped (G_OBJECT (button), "clicked",
// G_CALLBACK (gtk_widget_destroy),window);
// 把按钮放入窗口(一个gtk容器)中
gtk_container_add ( GTK_CONTAINER( window), button );
// 显示新创建的按钮和窗口
gtk_widget_show( button );
gtk_widget_show( window );
// 程序运行停在这里等待事件的发生(如键盘事件/鼠标事件)
gtk_main();
return 0;
}两个按钮
02_two_buttons.c
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
// 改进回调函数,传递到该函数的数据将打印到标准输出中(stdout)
void callback( GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data )
{
g_print( "%s", (gchar *) data );
}
// 回调函数2
gint delete_event( GtkWidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data )
{
gtk_main_quit();
return FALSE;
}
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
GtkWidget *window;
GtkWidget *button;
GtkWidget *box1;
gtk_init( &argc, &argv );
window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL );
// 设置窗口标题
gtk_window_set_title( GTK_WINDOW( window ), "Hello Buttons!" );
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( window ), "delete_event",
G_CALLBACK( delete_event ), NULL );
gtk_container_set_border_width( GTK_CONTAINER( window ), 20 );
// 创建一个组装盒,组装盒非可见,它仅被作为排列构件的工具
box1 = gtk_hbox_new( FALSE, 1 );
// 把组装盒放入主窗口中
gtk_container_add ( GTK_CONTAINER( window ), box1 );
button = gtk_button_new_with_label( "Hello" );
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(callback), "hello");
// 代替 gtk_container_add, 把按钮放入组装盒中, 组装盒已经放入窗口中了
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( box1 ), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0 );
gtk_widget_show( button );
button = gtk_button_new_with_label( "World" );
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(callback), "World");
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( box1 ), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0 );
gtk_widget_show( button );
button = gtk_button_new_with_label( "!" );
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(callback), "!");
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( box1 ), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0 );
gtk_widget_show( button );
gtk_widget_show( box1 );
gtk_widget_show( window );
gtk_main();
return 0;
}一图片和一按钮
03_image_and_button.c
#include "gtk/gtk.h"
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
GtkWidget* window;
GtkWidget* vbox;
GtkWidget* image;
GtkWidget* button;
gtk_init( &argc, &argv );
window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_POPUP );
gtk_window_set_title( GTK_WINDOW(window), "Splash窗口" );
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK( gtk_main_quit ), NULL );
// 设置窗口处于屏幕中央
gtk_window_set_position( GTK_WINDOW( window ), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER );
// gtk_container_set_border_width( GTK_CONTAINER(window), 20 );
vbox = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE, 0);
gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER(window), vbox );
image = gtk_image_new_from_file("gnome-desktop.png");
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX(vbox), image, FALSE, FALSE, 0 );
button = gtk_button_new_with_label( "Splash窗口" );
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK( gtk_main_quit ), NULL );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( vbox ), button, FALSE, FALSE, 0 );
gtk_widget_show_all( window );
gtk_main();
return FALSE;
}可前进后退的提示窗口
04_notify_window.c
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
// XPM格式图像数据
static char * book_open_xml[] = {
"16 16 4 1",
" c None s None",
". c black",
"X c #808080",
"o c white",
" ",
" .. ",
" .Xo. ... ",
" .Xoo. ..oo. ",
" .Xooo.Xooo... ",
" .Xooo.oooo.X. ",
" .Xooo.Xooo.X. ",
" .Xooo.oooo.X. ",
" .Xooo.Xooo.X. ",
" .Xooo.oooo.X. ",
" .Xoo.Xoo..X. ",
" .Xo.o..ooX. ",
" .X..XXXXX. ",
" ..X....... ",
" .. ",
" "
};
// 自定义提示
static gchar *info[5] = {
"此软件用于测试每日提示功能的实现，如果你发现问题请及时回复。",
"我们的目的是把GTK+2.0的大多数功能奉献给每一位自由软件爱好者和开发者。",
"每一位Linux的支持者都会让我们增加一分信心，Linux最终仍是台式计算机操作系统。",
"计算机软件技术是一种科学技术，它和人类历史上其他的科学技术一样，是允许每一人自由使用的。",
"当前你测试完此程序后，请设法把它附加到你创作的软件当中去，这是你成功的第一步。"
};
static GtkWidget *window; // 主窗口
static GtkWidget *frame; // 框架
static GtkWidget *pre_button; // 上一提示按钮
static GtkWidget *next_button; // 下一提示按钮
static GtkWidget *label; // 提示信息内容标签
static GtkWidget *title; // 框架标题
gint current_info = 0; // 当前提示信息计数
// 创建框架控件标题
GtkWidget* create_title( GtkWidget *data )
{
GtkWindow *title;
GtkWindow *hbox;
GtkWindow *image;
GtkWindow *label;
GtkWindow *pixmap;
GtkWindow *mask;
GdkWindow *window;
pixmap = gdk_pixbuf_new_from_xpm_data ( book_open_xml );
image = gtk_image_new_from_pixbuf( pixmap );
label = gtk_label_new( "新的标题" );
hbox = gtk_hbox_new( FALSE, 0 );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), image, FALSE, FALSE, 2 );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), label, FALSE, FALSE, 2 );
return hbox;
}
GtkWidget* create_button( gchar* stockid, gchar* title )
{
GtkWidget *button;
GtkWidget *image;
GtkWidget *label;
GtkWidget *hbox;
image = gtk_image_new_from_stock( stockid, GTK_ICON_SIZE_MENU );
label = gtk_label_new( title );
hbox = gtk_hbox_new( FALSE, 0 );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), image, FALSE, FALSE, 3 );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), label, FALSE, FALSE, 3 );
button = gtk_button_new();
gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER(button), hbox );
return button;
}
// 上一提示
void pre_info( GtkButton *button, gpointer data )
{
gint i;
i = current_info - 1;
if (i == -1 ) return;
if (i == 0 ) gtk_widget_set_sensitive( pre_button, FALSE );
current_info = i;
gtk_widget_set_sensitive( next_button, TRUE );
gtk_label_set_text( GTK_LABEL( label ), info[current_info] );
}
// 下一提示
void next_info( GtkButton *button, gpointer data )
{
gint i;
i = current_info + 1;
if (i == 5 ) return;
if (i == 4 ) gtk_widget_set_sensitive( next_button, FALSE );
current_info = i;
gtk_widget_set_sensitive( pre_button, TRUE );
gtk_label_set_text( GTK_LABEL( label ), info[current_info] );
}
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
GtkWidget *hbox;
GtkWidget *vbox;
GtkWidget *bbox;
GtkWidget *button;
GtkWidget *image;
GtkWidget *title;
gtk_init( &argc, &argv );
window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL );
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( window ), "delete_event", G_CALLBACK( gtk_main_quit ), NULL );
gtk_window_set_title( GTK_WINDOW( window ), "每日提示" );
gtk_window_set_position( GTK_WINDOW( window ), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER );
gtk_container_set_border_width( GTK_CONTAINER( window ), 10 );
gtk_widget_realize( window );
vbox = gtk_vbox_new( FALSE, 0 );
gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER( window ), vbox );
hbox = gtk_hbox_new( FALSE, 0 );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( vbox ), hbox, TRUE, TRUE, 5 );
image = gtk_image_new_from_file( "gnome-desktop.png" );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), image, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );
frame = gtk_frame_new( NULL );
title = create_title( window );
gtk_frame_set_label_widget( GTK_FRAME( frame ), title );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( hbox ), frame, TRUE, TRUE, 5 );
label = gtk_label_new( NULL );
gtk_label_set_text( GTK_LABEL( label ), info[0] );
gtk_label_set_line_wrap( GTK_LABEL( label ), TRUE );
gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER( frame ), label );
bbox = gtk_hbutton_box_new();
gtk_button_box_set_layout( GTK_BUTTON_BOX( bbox ), GTK_BUTTONBOX_END );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( vbox ), bbox, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );
button = gtk_check_button_new_with_label( "每次启动时显示" );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( bbox ), button, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );
pre_button = create_button( GTK_STOCK_GO_BACK, "上一提示" );
gtk_widget_set_sensitive ( pre_button, FALSE );
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( pre_button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK( pre_info ), NULL );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( bbox ), pre_button, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );
next_button = create_button( GTK_STOCK_GO_FORWARD, "下一提示" );
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( next_button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK( next_info ), NULL );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( bbox ), next_button, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );
button = gtk_button_new_from_stock( GTK_STOCK_OK );
g_signal_connect( G_OBJECT( button ), "clicked", G_CALLBACK( gtk_main_quit ), NULL );
gtk_box_pack_start( GTK_BOX( bbox ), button, FALSE, FALSE, 5 );
gtk_widget_show_all( window );
gtk_main();
return FALSE;
}... 后面有空继续更新
总结
gtk+ 现有资料已经很少了, 属于淘汰型技术了, 勿深究.
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